
Posto sul versante occidentale della penisoletta su cui si ergono le cappelle del Sacro Monte, di fronte alla splendida e mistica isola di San Giulio, il borgo di Orta è un rinomato centro turistico e di soggiorno estivo. Il richiamo di turisti è incentivato a Orta come lungo le rive di tutto il lago, dalla presenza di importanti appuntamenti e note manifestazioni quali "Ortafiori" (rassegna floreale che ha luogo sulla Salita della Motta) e il "Festival Cusiano di musica antica" (sull'Isola di San Giulio); con il 2000 è iniziata una rassegna chiamata "Orta Opera Festival" oltre al Premio di Televisione e della Comunicazione Europea. Orta San Giulio deriva il suo nome dal Santo evangelizzatore inviato, nel IV secolo dall'imperatore Teodosio a combattere l'eresia ariana. Centro longobardo e poi franco, passò (pare nel 962) nelle mani dei vescovi di Novara, su concessione dell'imperatore Ottone I che lo strappò a Berengario II dopo uno storico assedio. Questi ultimi dovettero però aspettare i primi anni del nuovo millennio prima di poter esercitare una reale giurisdizione sul territorio; bisognerà attendere fino al 1219, dopo varie lotte coi signori locali, per vedere affermarsi quell'egemonia episcopale che durerà fino alla fine del XVIII secolo e che si concluderà definitivamente nel 1817 con la cessione del potere ai Savoia.
The village of Orta, located opposite the island of San Giulio, is a popular tourist and summer holiday. In Orta there are important events such as "Ortafiori" (flower festival which takes place on the “Salita della Motta”), the "Festival Cusiano old Music" (on the island of St Giulio) and “Orta opera festival”. Orta San Giulio takes its name from the Holy evangelist left in the fourth century the emperor Theodosius to combat the Arian heresy. Orta was Lombard and French center, then belonged to the bishops of Novara and, in 1817, to the Savoia.
| Abitanti/Inhabitants number: 1114 |
Superficie/Surface: kmq: 6,81 |
Altitudine sul mare/Altitude: 294 m |
| Denominazione degli abitanti/Inhabitants: ortesi |
Altre località/Towns: Bagnera, Corconio, Imolo, Isola di San Giulio, Legro |
Cascine/Farms: |
| Festa patronale/Patrons: San Giulio (31/01) |
Telefono/Phone: Prefisso 0322 |
Codice Postale/Postal code: 28016 |
Of very ancient origin, as testified by Early-Christian archaeological finds, the basilica probably stands on the site where St Jules is supposed to have erected a church in the 4th century (excavations carried out in 1983 seem to exclude that the ancient church stood on the interior of the castle, on the top of the island). The basilica, of clear Romanesque structure, is built to a Latin-cross plan, and has a nave and two aisles with apses. The presbytery is surmounted by a dome, resting on an octagonal drum. The arched portal is preceded by a pronaos with columns, surmounted by a large window. Behind the left apse stands the remarkable dell tower, ornamented by gemel windows and triple arch windows, strongly influenced by the Lombard-romanesque style. On the interior, splendid and well rpeserved is the ambo (pulpit) made from serpentino marble from Oira, considered among the best examples of the Romanesque sculpture. Of rectangular shape, it stands on four different columns (the two on the back are ornamented). The pulpit is decorated in relief with Christian emblems (a centaur, two wild animals and a deer), the symbols of the Evangelists and a face, possibly the portrait of the Benedictine abbot Guglielmo di Volpiano (born in 962, a forerunner of the monastic reformation). Note also the colourful frescoes representing Saints enlivening the interior of the basilica, dating from different periods. These were partly painted by local artists and partly by artists of the “Scuola Gaudenziana” (formed by the pupuils of the painter Gaudenzio Ferrari and including members of the Cagnoli family and Giovanni Battista Cantalupi of Miasino). Since the early 1970s, a community of Benedictine uns has settled on the island of St Giulio, aiming to revive its spiritual heritage. The religious community has occupied the ancient residence of the bishop and the former diocesan seminary (the abbey “Mater Ecclesiae”), housing today an important center for ancient textile restoration and a laboratory for the production of Hosts and of the traditional “Bread of St Giulio”.
At the top of Motta hill, is set the church of St Maria Assunta, built in 1485 and reconstructed in the second half of the 18th century. The original Late-Romanesque structure is adorned with 17th and 18th century paintings by Rossetti, Cantalupi, and Orgiazzi. In the Gemelli chapel hangs z noteworthy canvas by Procaccini, depicting St Charles Borromeo at the Procession for the Plague of Milan, one among the most important examples of Lombard painting in the early 17th century. The façade, built to designs by Carlo Nigra, features a 17th-century vestibule with coupled colonnettes.
This 23m-high watch and defense tower was part of a great fortified structure, scarcely documented. The tower was probably erected on two different stages. The structure and the building techniques date the tower from the mid-12th century. After completing the tower, a curtain wall was erected, with footpaths and loopholes, to form a rectangular courtyard. After a few years, another wall was constructed. The tower lost its importance as a defensive structure in the early 13th century and finally became a possession of the Bishops of Novara.
The construction started in 1590, on the site of the ancient church of St Nicolao, dating from the Middle Ages and containing a venerated image of the Madonna della Pietà. The Sacro Monte d’Orta was erected by Amico Canobio, with the aim of celebrating the life of St Francis. The complex extends on a hill (at an altitude of about 400m) on the peninsula where the town of Orta also stands. It is a peaceful spot, and was chosen for its enchanting lanscape, suggesting prayer and meditation. Carlo Bascapè, bishop of Novara and feudal lord of the Riviera d’Orta, greatly contributed to the construction. He personally conceived and supervised the religious aspects of the project, infusing a strong didacticism, particularly evident in the detailed representation the life of St Francis. The visit to the chapels enables to appreciate the development of architectural and artistic models over the centuries. The more ancient chapels are simple and decorated with frescoes and terracotta sculptures representing the saint’s life. In the 17th century, the Baroque style, more emphatic, has clearly affected the figures in the chapels XVII, XIX and XX; the influence of the Rococo taste is reflected in the soft pastel colors of some other chapels decorated by Stefano Maria Legnani. The Cappella Nuova is an example of the Neo-classical style. Many artists from Milan worked at the Sacro Monte during the supervision by Bascapè, including Morazzone, Prestinari, Giovanni d’Enrico, Giovanni Battista and Giovanni Mauro della Rovere.
The palazzo, standing on Motta square, at the heart of town, was built in 1582. As it was the Courthouse where the Consiglio Generale (the legates of the bishop) exercised their legislative and judiciary authority, the palace can be considered the symbol of the long period of autonomy of the Riviera. A small external staircase leads from the portico to the large hall on the first floor. The exterior of the building is decorated with the coats of arms of the families of the bishops of Novara who in turn governed the region. The façade to the right of the entrance features the coat of arms of Orta, with the inscription “Hortus conclusus” (closed orchard), referring to both the geographic location and the autonomy of the Rivera. The use of the palazzo as a Courthouse is confirmed by the painting over the portal representing the “Woman embodying Justice” flanked by two angels carrying respectively a sword and a scale.
Standing to the left of the parish church of the Assumption, along the Motta hill, Palazzo Gemelli is a late-renaissance construction preserving, on the façade, a fresco decoration (probably painted by the Fiamminghini brothers) inspired to mythological subjects. Almost entirely lost is the decoration on the center of the façade, where only fragments of woman figures (ptobably symbolizing the four seasons) and a frieze with cherubs are visible. The palazzo consists of two distinct buildings, which had probably a different function; the major building was the master home, the smaller contained service rooms, and was possibly erected a few years later. The palazzo has a splendid garden in the Italian style.
This villa is today the town hall. It has a beautiful garden overlooking the lake. The three-story house has an L shaped structure. The main front faces onto the lake, affording a splendid view on Pella, Ronco and the sanctuary of the Madonna del Sasso. The house was built on the site of an ancient medieval construction, from which part of the external wall and five portals are preserved. The building, repeatedly reconstructed and enlarged over the centuries, has been recently restored.
The remarkable and eccentric Villa Crespi stands at the beginning of the peninsula of the Sacro Monte, at the crossing between the provinca road Novara-Omegna and the road descending to Orta. The industrialist Cristoforo Benigno Crespi had it built in 1880, to the original designs by Angelo Colla. The house features some architectural elements unusual to the area: the style is of Arabian inspiration, and the villa is topped by a high tower reminding of a minaret. The rectangular plan contributes to the compact appearance of the building, increased by the absence of projections along the fronts; the only exception is the four-arch portico facing onto the garden. The decorations of the facades and the presence of the tower enliven the overall appearance. On the interior, the walls are decorated with of the exterior decoration. The vast park is beautiful, with huge trees and rare plants.
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